Diabetes personal trainer outcomes: short-term and 1-year outcomes of a diabetes personal trainer intervention among youth with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To assess the social-cognitive, behavioral, and physiological outcomes of a self-management intervention for youth with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 81 youth with type 1 diabetes aged 11-16 years were randomized to usual care versus a "diabetes personal trainer" intervention, consisting of six self-monitoring, goal-setting, and problem-solving sessions with trained nonprofessionals. Assessments were completed at baseline and multiple follow-up intervals. A1C data were obtained from medical records. ANCOVA adjusting for age and baseline values were conducted for each outcome. RESULTS At both short-term and 1-year follow-up, there was a trend for an overall intervention effect on A1C (short-term F = 3.71, P = 0.06; 1-year F = 3.79, P = 0.06) and a significant intervention-by-age interaction, indicating a great effect among older than younger youth (short-term F = 4.78, P = 0.03; 1-year F = 4.53, P = 0.04). Subgroup analyses demonstrated no treatment group difference among younger youth but a significant difference among the older youth. No treatment group differences in parent or youth report of adherence were observed. CONCLUSIONS The diabetes personal trainer intervention demonstrated significant effects in A1C among middle adolescents.